Zirconia Materials for Resistance Welding
Zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO2) is characterized by high impact resistance and exceptional strength and toughness, providing excellent wear resistance. Additionally, its chemical stability results in outstanding corrosion resistance.
Zirconia is typically used in metal forming industry applications as weld location pins for resistance welding of captive nuts on sheet metal.
Production Engineering offers three grades of zirconia materials: Grade 5, Grade 10, and Grade 20. The properties of these materials are outlined below.
Grade 5 Zirconia
Grade 5 is an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with excellent strength and toughness. The table below lists typical mechanical, thermal, and electrical property data for Grade 5 zirconia.
| Property | Value | Units |
|---|---|---|
| Composition | YSZ | – |
| Density | 6.13 | g/cc |
| Porosity | 0 | % |
| 3 Point Modulus of Rupture 20°C (Specimen 3 × 3 × 50mm, span 19.05mm) | 1000 | MPa |
| Weibull Modulus | 15 | – |
| Compressive Strength | >2000 | MPa |
| Young’s Modulus of Elasticity | 205 | GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.30 | – |
| Hardness (HRA) | 91 | – |
| Hardness (Vickers Hv50) | 13.24 (1350) | GPa (Kg/mm²) |
| Fracture Toughness K1C | 8.0 | MPa m½ |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (0-1200°C) | 10.0×10-6 | K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 2.0 | W/(m·K) |
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 250 | ΔT°C quenched in cold water |
| Maximum Use Temperature | 1000 | °C |
| RT Electrical Resistivity | 1011 | ohm·cm |
Grade 10 Zirconia
Grade 10 is an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with higher strength and toughness than Grade 5. The table below lists typical mechanical, thermal, and electrical property data for Grade 10 zirconia.
| Property | Value | Units |
|---|---|---|
| Composition | YSZ | – |
| Density | 6.05 | g/cc |
| Porosity | 0 | % |
| 3 Point Modulus of Rupture 20°C (Specimen 3 × 3 × 50mm, span 19.05mm) | 1200 | MPa |
| Weibull Modulus | 15 | – |
| Compressive Strength | >2000 | MPa |
| Young’s Modulus of Elasticity | 205 | GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.30 | – |
| Hardness (HRA) | 91 | – |
| Hardness (Vickers Hv50) | 13.24 (1350) | GPa (Kg/mm²) |
| Fracture Toughness K1C | 10.0 | MPa m½ |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (0-1200°C) | 10.0×10-6 | K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 2.0 | W/(m·K) |
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 250 | ΔT°C quenched in cold water |
| Maximum Use Temperature | 1000 | °C |
| RT Electrical Resistivity | 1011 | ohm·cm |
Grade 20 Zirconia
Grade 20 is a magnesia-stabilized zirconia (MSZ) with superior thermal shock resistance compared to either Grade 5 or Grade 10. The table below lists typical mechanical, thermal, and electrical property data for Grade 20 zirconia.
| Property | Value | Units |
|---|---|---|
| Composition | MSZ | – |
| Density | 5.7 | g/cc |
| Porosity | 0 | % |
| 3 Point Modulus of Rupture 20°C (Specimen 3 × 3 × 50mm, span 19.05mm) | 500 | MPa |
| Weibull Modulus | 15 | – |
| Compressive Strength | >1600 | MPa |
| Young’s Modulus of Elasticity | 210 | GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.30 | – |
| Hardness (HRA) | 90 | – |
| Hardness (Vickers Hv50) | 11.24 (1200) | GPa (Kg/mm²) |
| Fracture Toughness K1C | 7.0 | MPa m½ |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (0-1200°C) | 11.0×10-6 | K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 2.5 | W/(m·K) |
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 350 | ΔT°C quenched in cold water |
| Maximum Use Temperature | 1000 | °C |
| RT Electrical Resistivity | 1011 | ohm·cm |
Weld Location Pins
International manufactures a comprehensive range of silicon nitride (Si3N4), sialon, and zirconia advanced ceramic weld location and control pins. These are used in the metal forming industry to enable precise welding of nuts to sheet metal.
Silicon nitride-based ceramics (sialons) possess numerous beneficial characteristics, including excellent mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, making them ideal for metal forming applications. Silicon nitride weld location pins have a proven track record of over 20 years of successful use by several leading automotive manufacturers.
Zirconia weld location pins are a more recent addition to our product portfolio. They excel in applications where greater toughness is required, such as when severe impact loading is possible. Like silicon nitride pins, they offer excellent wear resistance; however, they are not recommended for applications where thermal shock may occur. Additionally, zirconia pins are twice the weight of equivalent silicon nitride weld pins. Zirconia is available in two grades: Grade 5 and Grade 10 zirconia. Grade 10 has slightly superior properties for demanding applications.
The tables below show our range of standard weld pins. However, we manufacture a complete range of non-standard sizes, so please contact us with your specific requirements.
Standard Weld Pins – Technical Information
Standard Weld Pins (Type 1)
| Part Number | NUT SIZE | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | R |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISN 050060 | M5 | 6 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 15 | 15 |
| ISN 060070 | M6 | 7 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 7.0 | 9.5 | 15 | 15 |
| ISN 060078 | M6 | 7 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 7.8 | 9.5 | 15 | 15 |
| ISN 060088 | M6 | 10 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 15 | 15 |
| ISN 080090 | M8 | 10 | 5 | 14 | 2.5 | 9.0 | 7.5 | 15 | 12.5 |
| ISN 100110 | M10 | 12 | 4 | 16 | 2.5 | 11.0 | 8.0 | 15 | 12.5 |
| ISN 120130 | M12 | 13 | 4 | 18 | 2.5 | 13.0 | 8.0 | 15 | 12.5 |
DOL Type Weld Pins
| Part Number | NUT SIZE | HOLE SIZE | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISN 1 DOL | M5 | 6.0 | 5.85 | 12.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 6 | 7.5 | 15.0 |
| ISN 2 DOL | M6 | 7.0 | 6.85 | 12.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 7 | 8.0 | 15.0 |
| ISN 2 DOL 7.2 | M8 T/LESS | 7.4 | 7.20 | 12.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 7 | 8.0 | 15.0 |
| ISN 3 DOL | M6 | 7.5 | 7.35 | 12.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 7 | 8.0 | 15.0 |
| ISN 4 DOL | M6 | 8.0 | 7.85 | 12.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 7 | 8.0 | 15.0 |
| ISN 5 DOL | M8 | 9.0 | 8.85 | 12.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 9 | 8.0 | 15.0 |
| ISN 6 DOL | M8 | 9.5 | 9.35 | 14.00 | 4.00 | 2.50 | 9 | 8.0 | 12.5 |
| ISN 7 DOL | M8 | 10.0 | 9.85 | 16.00 | 4.00 | 2.50 | 10 | 8.0 | 12.5 |
| ISN 815 DOL | M6 | 8.25 | 8.15 | 12.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 7 | 8.0 | 15.0 |
| ISN 9 DOL | M10 | 11.0 | 10.85 | 16.00 | 4.00 | 2.50 | 11 | 8.0 | 12.5 |
| ISN 10 DOL | M10 | 11.5 | 11.35 | 16.00 | 4.00 | 2.50 | 11 | 8.0 | 12.5 |
| ISN 1015 DOL | M8 | 10.25 | 10.15 | 16.00 | 4.00 | 2.50 | 10 | 8.0 | 12.5 |
| ISN 11 DOL | M10 | 12.0 | 11.85 | 16.00 | 4.00 | 2.50 | 11 | 8.0 | 12.5 |
| ISN 12 DOL | M12 | 13.0 | 12.85 | 16.00 | 4.00 | 2.50 | 12 | 8.0 | 12.5 |
| ISN 1215 DOL | M10 | 12.25 | 12.15 | 16.00 | 4.00 | 2.50 | 11 | 8.0 | 12.5 |
| ISN 13 DOL | M6 | 8.2 | 8.00 | 12.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 7 | 8.0 | 15.0 |
Plain Weld Pins
| Part Number | NUT SIZE | HOLE SIZE | A | B | C | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISP 1 | M4, M5, M6 | 6.00 | 5.85 | 10.00 | 1.5 | 4.3 |
| ISP 2 | M6 | 7.00 | 6.85 | 10.00 | 1.5 | 5.2 |
| ISP 3 | M6 | 7.50 | 7.35 | 12.00 | 2.0 | 5.4 |
| ISP 4 | M6 | 8.00 | 7.85 | 12.00 | 2.0 | 5.8 |
| ISCP 5 | M8 | 9.00 | 8.85 | 14.00 | 3.0 | 6.2 |
| ISP 6 | M8 | 9.50 | 9.35 | 14.00 | 3.0 | 6.6 |
| ISP 7 | M8 | 10.00 | 9.85 | 14.00 | 3.0 | 7.0 |
| ISP 8 | M8 | 10.50 | 10.35 | 14.00 | 3.0 | 7.5 |
| ISP 9 | M10 | 11.00 | 10.85 | 16.00 | 3.5 | 7.7 |
| ISP 10 | M10 | 11.50 | 11.35 | 16.00 | 3.5 | 8.1 |
| ISP 11 | M10, 7/16 UNF | 12.00 | 11.85 | 16.00 | 3.5 | 8.5 |
| ISP 12 | M12, 7/16 UNF | 13.00 | 12.85 | 16.00 | 4.5 | 8.9 |
| ISP 13 | M10 | 12.50 | 12.35 | 16.00 | 3.5 | 8.9 |
| ISP 14 | M14 | 15.00 | 14.86 | 18.00 | 5.0 | 10.4 |
| ISP 15 | M12 | 14.00 | 13.85 | 16.00 | 4.0 | 10.0 |
| ISP 16 | 7/16 UNF | 14.50 | 14.35 | 16.00 | 4.5 | 10.2 |
| ISP 17 | 7/16 UNF | 13.50 | 13.35 | 16.00 | 4.5 | 9.3 |
| ISP 18 | M14 | 15.20 | 15.15 | 17.00 | 5.0 | 10.6 |
| ISP 24 | M6 | 8.25 | 8.10 | 12.00 | 2.0 | 6.0 |
| ISP 25 | M6 | 8.40 | 8.25 | 12.00 | 2.0 | 6.1 |
| ISP 26 | M12/LESS | 13.20 | 13.05 | 16.00 | 4.5 | 9.1 |
| ISP 27 | M8 | 8.70 | 8.55 | 12.00 | 2.0 | 6.4 |
| ISP 28 | M8 | 10.65 | 10.50 | 14.00 | 3.0 | 7.6 |
| ISP 29 | M8 | 8.15 | 8.05 | 12.00 | 2.0 | 6.0 |
| ISP 30 | M6 | 6.60 | 6.40 | 10.00 | 1.5 | 4.8 |
Hollow Weld Pins
| Part Number | NUT SIZE | A | C | E | F | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISN 04048 | M4 | 3 | 12 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 12.0 |
| ISN 05058 | M5 | 3 | 12 | 5.8 | 7.5 | 12.0 |
| ISN 06068 | M6 | 5 | 12 | 6.8 | 9.5 | 13.9 |
| ISN 08078 | M8 | 6 | 14 | 7.8 | 9.5 | 13.9 |
| ISN 08088 | M8 | 6 | 14 | 8.8 |